HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR CHEAP LABOUR

Main Article Content

V. M. TRIPATHI, AKANKSHA DESHPANDE, CHANDRAKANT KOKATANUR, INDRA KUMAR SINGH, KANCHAN YADAV

Abstract

Physical and sexual violence are common forms of abuse that those impacted by human trafficking face. The growing collection of research reveals that victims of extreme abuse often suffer from serious and long-lasting health consequences. Fractures, gashes, and mutilations, along with persistent discomfort and headaches, dramatic weight loss, and signs of chronic and infectious illnesses, have all been connected to trafficking. Women who have been trafficked or who have been the victims of sexual assault or abuse may have issues related to reproduction and sex. Mental health issues, including such comment stress disorder, melancholy, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts, are among trafficking's long-term effects on health.

Article Details

Section
Criminal Law
Author Biography

V. M. TRIPATHI, AKANKSHA DESHPANDE, CHANDRAKANT KOKATANUR, INDRA KUMAR SINGH, KANCHAN YADAV

V M Tripathi1, Akanksha Deshpande2, Chandrakant kokatanur3, Indra Kumar Singh4, Kanchan Yadav5

  1. School of Commerce, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun.
  2. Assistant Professor, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, India.
  3. Professor, Department of FMT, Krishna Institute of Medical sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidhya peeth, karad (MS).
  4. Designation: Asst. Professor & Program Coordinator, Institute of Legal Studies and Research and Research, GLA University, Mathura.( U.P),
  5. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed To Be University, Dehradun, 248002,

References

International Labor Office. Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage. Geneva: 2017.

Zimmerman C, Kiss L. Human trafficking and exploitation: A global health concern. PLoS Med. 2017; 14(11):e1002437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002437 PMID: 29166396

United Nations. Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all. 2015 [cited 2018 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/economicgrowth/.

Ottisova L, Hemmings S, Howard L, Zimmerman C, Oram S. Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2016; 25(4):317–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796016000135 PMID: 27066701

Kiss L, Pocock NS, Naisanguansri V, Suos S, Dickson B, Thuy D, et al. Health of men, women, and children in post-trafficking services in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam: an observational cross-sectional study. Lancet Global Health. 2015; 3(3):e154–e61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70016-1 PMID: 25701993

Oram S, Sto¨ ckl H, Busza J, Howard LM, Zimmerman C. Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: systematic review. PLoS Med. 2012; 9(5):e1001224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001224 PMID: 22666182

World Health Organization. Understanding and addressing violence against women: human trafficking. 2012. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77394/1/WHO_RHR_12.42_eng.pdf.

Stoklosa H, Grace AM, Littenberg N. Medical education on human trafficking. AMA J Ethics. 2015; 17 (10):914. https://doi.org/10.1001/journalofethics.2015.17.10.medu1-1510 PMID: 26496054

Oram S, Abas M, Bick D, Boyle A, French R, Jakobowitz S, et al. Human trafficking and health: a crosssectional survey of male and female survivors in contact with services in England. Am J Public Health. 2016; 106(6):1073–8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303095 PMID: 27077341

Kiss L, Yun K, Pocock N, Zimmerman C. Exploitation, violence, and suicide risk among child and adolescent survivors of human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion. JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169(9): e152278–e. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2278 PMID: 26348864

Judge A, Murphy J, Hidalgo J, Macias-Konstantopoulos W. Engaging survivors of human trafficking: complex health care needs and scarce resources. Ann Intern Med. 2018; 168:658–63. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-2605 PMID: 29532076 PLOS Medicine | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002740 January 29, 2019 3 / 4

Ahn R, Alpert EJ, Purcell G, Konstantopoulos WM, McGahan A, Cafferty E, et al. Human trafficking: review of educational resources for health professionals. Am J Prev Med. 2013; 44(3):283–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.025 PMID: 23415126

Zimmerman C, Borland R. Caring for trafficked persons: guidance for health providers. Geneva: International Organization for Migration; 2009.

Office on Trafficking in Persons. SOAR to Health and Wellness Training. 2018 [cited 2018 Dec 17]. Available from: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/otip/training/soar-to-health-and-wellness-training.

Dell NA, Maynard BR, Born KR, Wagner E, Atkins B, House W. Helping Survivors of Human Trafficking: A Systematic Review of Exit and Postexit Interventions. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2017. 1524838017692553.

Davy D. Anti-Human Trafficking Interventions: How Do We Know if They Are Working? Am J Eval. 2016; 37(4):486–504.

International Labour Organization. Hard to see, harder to count: Survey guidelines to estimate forced labor of adults and children. Geneva: International Labour Organization; 2011.