LAND LAW AND INVESTMENT SECURITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE UAE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION REAL ESTATE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS

Abstract

Dubai’s meteoric rise as a global real estate powerhouse is rooted in its robust and investor-friendly land law framework, driven by visionary leadership, innovative legal instruments, and rigorous regulatory oversight. Central to this transformation is the Dubai Land Department (DLD) and the Real Estate Regulatory Agency (RERA), whose policies — including freehold ownership for expatriates, secure escrow accounts, and blockchain-based property registration — ensure transparency, stability, and market resilience. This research investigates how Dubai’s unique blend of civil and administrative law, combined with technological innovation, has positioned it ahead of other global property hubs. The study adopts a qualitative comparative design, drawing on doctrinal analysis, policy review, and case studies of landmark projects to illustrate the practical impact of these legal frameworks. Findings reveal that while Dubai’s legal model offers unmatched investor confidence through freehold zones and escrow protections, challenges remain in judicial consistency and enforcement predictability. Nevertheless, Dubai’s integration of smart city planning, AML compliance, and visionary urban policies under Vision 2040 reinforce its status as a benchmark for emerging markets. This paper argues that Dubai’s legal framework serves as a replicable blueprint for jurisdictions seeking to modernize land governance while balancing innovation with institutional integrity. Future research should explore the transferability of Dubai’s legal model to diverse socio-legal contexts and its alignment with sustainable urban growth.