LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ILLICIT TOBACCO IN INDONESIA: A REVIEW IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGIONAL CONTEXT
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Abstract
Illicit tobacco trade continues to pose a significant threat to public health, state revenue, and the integrity of law enforcement in Indonesia. This study investigates the enforcement mechanisms and institutional challenges associated with combating illicit tobacco products, contextualizing the issue within the broader Southeast Asian region. Drawing on legal analysis, empirical data, and comparative regional insights, the research identifies three critical barriers to effective enforcement: weak surveillance and tracking systems, low deterrent impact of current sanctions, and insufficient regional cooperation. By comparing Indonesia's situation with neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Thailand, the study reveals gaps in digital tracking, inter-agency collaboration, and cross-border enforcement. This article advocates for regulatory reform, stronger penalties, and the creation of an ASEAN-based cooperative platform to combat illicit tobacco trade collectively. The study contributes to filling the scholarly gap on regional responses to tobacco smuggling in the Global South
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