THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN SHAPING NATIONAL RESPONSES TO CHILD LABOUR: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the role of international legal frameworks in addressing child labour in Nigeria, focusing on the effectiveness of treaties such as the “ILO Minimum Age Convention” (No. 138), the “Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention” (No. 182), and the “UN Convention on the Rights of the Child” (UNCRC). Despite Nigeria’s ratification of these conventions, their implementation has been hindered by conflicting national laws, weak enforcement, cultural norms, and socio-economic challenges. The paper highlights legal inconsistencies, such as Nigeria’s Labour Act allowing employment from the age of 12, contrary to international standards. Using a doctrinal analysis and contextual approach, the study reveals a significant gap between ratification and practical enforcement. The Nigerian case illustrates broader challenges faced by developing countries in localising international norms and the need for sustained political will and community engagement in protecting children’s rights
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