STATE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROVIDE FREE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: FULL OR SHARED RESPONSIBILITY?
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Abstract
This article examines the extent of the state's responsibility in providing free education, accessibility, and financing issues, focusing on whether it should be a full or shared responsibility. The research employs a doctrinal research with conceptual and comparative approach. This study examines international human rights instruments, analyzes the development of constitutional provisions in Indonesia, and compares constitutions worldwide. Article shows that primary education is universally recognized as the full responsibility of the state. In contrast, higher education often involves shared responsibility with private entities due to fiscal constraints and policy considerations. The results of the analysis of several Constitutional Court Decisions also mandate that the government always controls the implementation of education, prevents excessive privatization, and ensures equitable access. In addition. Indicators of state responsibility include non-discriminatory access, affordability, and alignment with human rights principles. The research further explores the importance of government oversight to prevent excessive privatization and ensure equitable access to education. It identifies key indicators of state responsibility, including non-discriminatory access, affordability, and alignment with human rights principles, contributing to the broader discourse on education as a human right and public good.
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