INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION TO MAINTAIN PEACE AND SECURITY IN AFRICA: THE CASES OF INTERVENTION IN LIBYA AND SOMALIA AS EXAMPLES
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Abstract
The increasing focus on protecting rights and freedoms that are severely violated by states has led to the emergence of the concept of international humanitarian intervention as a mechanism for safeguarding international rights. Human rights have taken on international dimensions that transcend national borders. International intervention is legally justified through the United Nations Charter and international agreements, based on the principle that all peoples have the right to self-determination and sovereignty over their natural resources. Moreover, peace and security are the responsibility of the international community in ensuring and enforcing these rights.
The violations of human rights, individual freedoms, citizens’ suffering, and developmental stagnation in Libya and Somalia—resulting from authoritarian regimes and internal and international conflicts—have led the international community to perceive these situations as threats to African peace and security. Consequently, intervention was deemed necessary under international legitimacy, specifically under the United Nations framework and through Security Council resolutions. This was evident in the intervention of the United States and its allies in Somalia under Resolution 794, issued on December 3, 1992, and the intervention of NATO and the United States in Libya under Resolution 1970, issued on February 26, 2011.
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