MOTIVES FOR ADOPTING BICAMERALISM IN THE ALGERIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM AND COMPARATIVE SYSTEMS
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Abstract
The adoption of the dual parliamentary system by creating a second chamber in Parliament called the Council of the Nation after amending the 1996 Constitution constituted a radical shift in the Algerian parliamentary experience, as the country knew for the first time the two-chamber or bicameral system, and Parliament became composed of two chambers: the National People's Assembly and the Council of the Nation. This shift was accompanied by a clear change in legislative performance, which the study addressed initially by taking a general look at the two-chamber system through the most important international experiences, as well as the justifications for establishing the second chamber and comparing it with the comparative systems that adopted this system, especially after the successive constitutional amendments, the latest of which was the constitutional amendment of 2020.
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References
Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, issued by Presidential Decree No. 20-442, dated 15 Jumada al-Awwal 1442, corresponding to December 30, 2020, related to the constitutional amendment approved in the November 1, 2020 referendum, Official Journal, No. 82, dated December 30, 2020.
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 2012.
French Constitution of 1958.
Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1952.
Constitution of the Republic of Iraq, 2005.
Constitution of the United States of America, 1787.
French Constitution of 1958.
Egyptian Constitution of 1923.
Egyptian Constitution of 1932.
Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1952.
Iraqi Basic Law of 1925.
Books:
Aqila Kharbashi, "The Functional Relationship Between Government and Parliament," unpublished edition, Dar Al-Khaldouniya, Al-Quba, Algeria, 2007.
Aqila Kharbashi, "The Role of the Council of the Nation in the Algerian Constitutional System," Dar Al-Khaldouniya, Al-Quba, Algeria, 2013.
Abdel Essam Suleiman, "Parliamentary Systems Between Theory and Practice," Al-Halabi Legal Publications, no place of publication, 2010.
Abdel Ghani Basyuni Abdullah, "Political Systems and Constitutional Law," no place of publication, 1997.
Abdel Hamid Metwali, "A Brief Guide to Political Theories, Systems, and Constitutional Principles," 1st edition, Dar Al-Ma'arif, Egypt, 1958.
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Sami Jamal Al-Din, "Political Systems," Dar Al-Jam'iya Al-Jadida, Egypt, 2010.
Theses and Dissertations:
Doctoral Theses:
Aqila Kharbashi, "The Role of the Council of the Nation in the Algerian Constitutional System," Ph.D. thesis in Legal Sciences, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Hajj Lakhdar, Batna, 2010.
Master’s Theses:
Khaled Dashash, "The Bicameral System in the Constitutional System," 2016, Thesis for obtaining a Master's degree in Administrative Law, University of Ghardaia, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Department of Law, 2019-2020.
Shahed Ahmed, "The Legislative Institution of the Bicameral System as Provided in the 1996 Constitution," Master's thesis in Political Science and International Relations, Political and Administrative Organization Branch, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Political Science and Media, University of Algiers, 2008-2009.
Journals and Periodicals:
Saad Amir, "The Legal System of the Council of the Nation," Parliamentary Thought Magazine, No. 15, February 2007, Council of the Nation, Algeria, 2007.
References:
Michel Ameller, "Parliaments: A Comparative Study on the Structure and Functioning of Representative Institutions in Fifty-Five Countries," Cassell, London, 1966
Jacque Picotte, "Dictionnaire : Recueil des Difficultés et des Ressources du Français
Juridique," Canada, University of Moncton, 2010