CONTRIBUTIONS OF MACROSOCIAL SOCIOLOGICAL STREAMS TO RESEARCH: POSITIVISM, FUNCTIONALISM, MARXISM AND STRUCTURALISM
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Abstract
Sociological schools of thought provide essential theoretical frameworks for understanding the complexity of human societies. Each stream offers a different lens through which to examine the cultural, economic, political and historical aspects that shape individual and collective experiences. This paper aims to interpret the macro-social sociological currents, highlighting their characteristics, theories and most relevant representatives. It seeks to provide a comprehensive and reflective vision of these currents in order to understand their impact on sociology. The methodology employed in this text is framed within the parameters of the interpretative paradigm and uses the hermeneutic method to understand and interpret the arguments proposed by positivist, functionalist, Marxist and structuralist theorists.
In the findings and discussion, the principles of positivism and its influence on sociology were identified, Marxism was critically analysed in relation to capitalism, structuralism was examined for its focus on social structures and symbolic analysis, and functionalism was explored in terms of integration, stability and social functions. As conclusions it can be stated that the classical or macro-social sociological currents offer a detailed perspective on how each theory contributes to the advancement of knowledge in contemporary and current sociology.
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