Retracted
Main Article Content
Abstract
Retracted
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Acharya, A. (1997). Ideas, identity, and institution‐building: From the ‘ASEAN way’ to the ‘Asia‐Pacific way’?. The Pacific Review, 10(3), pp.319–346. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09512749708719226.
Acharya, A. (1999). Southeast Asia’s Democratic Moment. Asian Survey, 39(3), pp.418–432. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3021206.
Acharya, A. (2001). Constructing a security community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order. (1st ed.) Routledge.
Acharya, A. (2003). Democratisation and the prospects for participatory regionalism in Southeast Asia. Third World Quarterly, 24(2), pp.375–390. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0143659032000074646.
Acharya, A. (2005). Do norms and identity matter? Community and power in Southeast Asia’s regional order. The Pacific Review, 18(1), pp.95–118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740500047199.
Allan, J. (2006). Thin Beats Fat Yet again – Conceptions of Democracy. Law and Philosophy, 25(5), 533–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-006-0004-x.
Almond, G. A. (2000). The Study of Political Culture. In L. Crothers & C. Lockhart (Eds.), Culture and Politics: A Reader (pp. 5–20). Springer.
Almond, G. A., & Verba, S. (1963). The Civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton University Press.
Armstrong, K. (2008). Governance and Constitutionalism After Lisbon. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 46(2), pp.415–426. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2007.00782.x.
Arnakim, L. Y., & Aqil, I. (2023). In Search of Democracy in Southeast Asia: Can the ASEAN Way Go Hand in Hand with Democracy? International Relations BINUS University. https://ir.binus.ac.id/2023/10/03/in-search-of-democracy-in-southeast-asia-can-the-asean-way-go-hand-in-hand-with-democracy/.
Asbach, O. and Schröder, P. (2014). The Thirty Years’ War - An introduction. In: O. Asbach and P. Schröder, eds., The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years’ War. New York: Routledge, pp.1–7.
ASEAN. (1967). The ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration). https://agreement.asean.org/media/download/20140117154159.pdf.
ASEAN. (1976a,). The Declaration of ASEAN Concord, Bali, Indonesia. February 24. https://asean.org/the-declaration-of-asean-concord-bali-indonesia-24-february-1976/.
ASEAN. (1976b). Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. https://asean-aipr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Treaty-of-Amity-and-Cooperation-in-Southeast-Asia-1976-TAC.pdf.
ASEAN. (1992). Singapore Declaration of 1992 Singapore, 28 January 1992. ASEAN | ONE VISION ONE IDENTITY ONE COMMUNITY. https://asean.org/?static_post=singapore-declaration-of-1992-singapore-28-january-1992
ASEAN. (2003). Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali Concord II). Asean.org. https://asean.org/declaration-of-asean-concord-ii-bali-concord-ii/.
ASEAN. (2007a). ASEAN Charter. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/archive/publications/ASEAN-Charter.pdf.
ASEAN. (2007b). Cha-am Hua Hin Declaration on the Roadmap for the ASEAN Community (2009-2015). Asean.org. https://asean.org/cha-am-hua-hin-declaration-on-the-roadmap-for-the-asean-community-2009-2015/.
ASEAN. (2022). ASEAN Member States. Asean.org. https://asean.org/member-states/.
Ba, A.D. (2009). (Re)Negotiating East and Southeast Asia. Stanford University Press.
Bobbio, N. (1987). The Future of Democracy: A Defence of the Rules of the Game. University of Minnesota Press.
Aviel, J. F. (2000). Placing human rights and environmental issues on ASEAN’s agenda: The role of non‐governmental organizations. Asian Journal of Political Science, 8(2), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370008434168.
Chalermpalanupap, T. (2010). Life in ASEAN After the Entry into Force of the ASEAN Charter. In: S. Tiwari, ed., ASEAN: Life After the Charter. Singapore: ISEAS, pp.45–65.
Christiansen, T. (2012). The European Union after the Lisbon Treaty: An Elusive ‘Institutional Balance’?. In: A. Biondi , P. Eeckhout and S. Ripley, eds., EU Law after Lisbon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.228–247.
Cohen, J. (1998). Democracy and Liberty. In J. Elster (Ed.), Deliberative Democracy (pp. 185–231). Cambridge University Press.
Collins, A. (2013). Norm diffusion and ASEAN’s adoption and adaption of global HIV/AIDS norms. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 13(3), 369–397. https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/lct012
Crombez, C. (2003). The Democratic Deficit in the European Union. European Union Politics, 4(1), pp.101–120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116503004001583.
Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. Yale University Press.
Dalton, Russell J., C. Shin Doh, and Willy Jou. 2007. Understanding democracy: data from unlikely places. Journal of Democracy 18(4):142–156.
Davis, N. T., Goidel, K., & Zhao, Y. (2021). The Meanings of Democracy among Mass Publics. Social Indicators Research, 153, 849–921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02517-2.
Destradi, S. (2019). The finances of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In: U. Engel and F. Mattheis, eds., The Finances of Regional Organisations in the Global South. New York: Routledge , Chapter 14.
Drajat, G. M. (2022). ASEAN’s Socialization of Myanmar: Perilous Ambivalence, the 2021 Coup and the Way Forward. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 44(3), 453–481. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs44-3c
Easton, D. (1975). A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435–457.
Emmerson, D. K. (2005). Security, Community, and Democracy in Southeast Asia: Analyzing ASEAN. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 6(2), 165–185. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1468109905001829.
Emmerson, D. K. (2007). Challenging ASEAN: A “Topological” View. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 29(3), 424–446. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs29-3c.
Emmerson, D. K. (2009). Hard choices security, democracy, and regionalism in Southeast Asia. Singapore ISEAS Publishing.
European Commission (2024). EU Budget for 2024. [online] Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-annual-budget/2024-budget/#:~:text=Ministers%20approved%20the%20joint%20text,%E2%82%AC142.6%20billion%20in%20payments.
European Union (1957). Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. [online] eur-lex.europa.eu. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/treaty-on-the-functioning-of-the-european-union.html.
European Union (2007). Treaty of Lisbon, (2007/C 306/01). [online] eur-lex.europa.eu. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12007L/TXT.
European Union (2023). European Commission – what it does | European Union. [online] european-union.europa.eu. Available at: https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/institutions-and-bodies/search-all-eu-institutions-and-bodies/european-commission_en.
European Union Parliament (n.d.). Overview | Ordinary legislative procedure | Ordinary Legislative Procedure | European Parliament. [online]. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/olp/en/ordinary-legislative-procedure/overview.
Gomez, J., & Ramcharan, R. (2012). The Protection of Human Rights in Southeast Asia: Improving the Effectiveness of Civil Society. Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, 13(2), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1163/138819012x13323234710062.
Gomez, J., & Ramcharan, R. (2014). Democracy and Human Rights in Southeast Asia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 33(3), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341403300301.
Goodman, A. E. (1996). Vietnam and ASEAN: Who Would Have Thought it Possible? Asian Survey, 36(6), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.2307/2645793
Haacke, J. (2006). Myanmar and ASEAN. The Adelphi Papers, 46(381), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320600831896.
Haacke, J. (2008). ASEAN and Political Change in Myanmar: Towards a Regional Initiative? Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30(3), 351–378. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs30-3a.
Jones, L. (2009). Democratization and foreign policy in Southeast Asia: the case of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 22(3), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570903104008.
Jones, L. (2011a). Beyond securitization: explaining the scope of security policy in Southeast Asia. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 11(3), pp.403–432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcr002.
Jones, L. (2011b). State Power, Social Conflicts and Security Policy in Southeast Asia. In: R. Robison, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Politics. New York: Routledge, pp.346–360.
Jones, W. J. (2017). Human rights treaty ratification behavior: An ASEAN Way of creating regional standards. Journal of Global Analysis, 7(1), 9–35.
Katz, R.S. (2001). Models of Democracy. European Union Politics, 2(1), pp.53–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116501002001003.
Keane, J. (2014). Life and death of democracy. Readhowyouwant Com Ltd.
Kriesi, H. (2013). Democratic legitimacy: Is there a legitimacy crisis in contemporary politics? Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 54(4), 609–638. https://doi.org/10.5771/0032-3470-2013-4-609.
Landman, T. (2007). Developing Democracy: Concepts, Measures, and Empirical Relationships. IDEA. https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/speeches/Developing-Democracy-Concepts-Measures-and-Empirical-Relationships-PDF.pdf.
Laursen, F. (2014). The Lisbon Treaty: A First Assessment. L’Europe en Formation, [online] 362(4), pp.45–70. Available at: https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-europe-en-formation-2011-4-page-45.htm.
Leung, H. Y. (2004). ASEAN and Human Rights: The Prospects of Implementing a Regional Mechanism for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Southeast Asia (pp. 1–16). http://lawanddevelopment.org/docs/humanrightssea.pdf.
Leviter, L. (2010). The ASEAN Charter: ASEAN Failure or Member Failure? New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, [online] 43(4), pp.159–210. Available at: https://nyujilp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/43.1-Leviter.pdf.
Lu, J., & Shi, T. (2014). The battle of ideas and discourses before democratic transition: Different democratic conceptions in authoritarian China. International Political Science Review, 36(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512114551304.
Manea, M.-G. (2015). The Claims of the ASEAN to Human Rights and Democracy: What Role for Regional Civil Society? ASIEN, 136, 73–97.
Merkel, W., & Kneip, S. (2018). Democracy and crisis: challenges in turbulent times. Springer.
Müller, L. M. (2023). In the Shadow of the Member States: Policy-Making Agency by the ASEAN Secretariat and Dialogue Partners. Springer Nature.
Munck, G. L. (2009). Measuring democracy a bridge between scholarship and politics. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press. https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/70122.
Natalegawa, R. M. M. M. (2017). The Expansion of ASEAN and the Changing Dynamics of southeast Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 39(2), 232–238. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/70/article/667770.
Narine, S. (1997). ASEAN and the ARF: The Limits of the ‘ASEAN Way’. Asian Survey, 37(10), pp.961–978. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2645616.
Narine, S. (1999). ASEAN into the twenty‐first century: Problems and prospects. The Pacific Review, 12(3), pp. 357–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512749908719296.
Newton, K., & Geissel, B. (2012). Evaluating democratic innovations: curing the democratic malaise? Routledge.
Nischalke, T. (2002). Does ASEAN measure up? Post-Cold War diplomacy and the idea of regional community. The Pacific Review, 15(1), 89–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740110110873.
Norris, P. (1997). Representation and the democratic deficit. European Journal of Political Research, 32(2), pp.273–282. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00342.
Norris, P. (2020). Measuring populism worldwide. Party Politics, 26(6), 135406882092768. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068820927686.
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press.
Orosa, T. J. C. (2012). ASEAN Integration in Human Rights: Problems and Prospects for Legalization and Institutionalization. Asian Regional Integration Review, 4, pp. 66–88.
Osterberg-Kaufmann, N., & Stadelmaier, U. (2020). Measuring meanings of democracy—methods of differentiation. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 14(4), 401–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-020-00461-6.
Schäfer, A. (2021). Cultural Backlash? How (Not) to Explain the Rise of Authoritarian Populism. British Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007123421000363.
Schneider, Z. (2021). Through Thick and Thin: Understanding Democracy and its Consequences in the United States. Inquires Journal, 13(9), 207–221. http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1907/through-thick-and-thin-understanding-democracy-and-its-consequences-in-the-united-states.
Sebastian, L.C. and Lanti, I.G. (2010). Perceiving Indonesian Approaches to International Relations Theory. In: A. Acharya and B. Buzan, eds., Non-Western International Relations Theory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia. New York: Routledge, pp.148–173.
Seidenfeld, M. (1992). A Civic Republican Justification for the Bureaucratic State. Harvard Law Review, 105(7), 1511–1576. https://doi.org/10.2307/1341745.
Singh, J. T. N. (2008). Process of Institutionalisation and Democratisation in ASEAN: Features, Challenges and Prospects of Regionalism in Southeast Asia. UNISCI Discussion Papers, 16.
Smith, G. (2009). Democratic innovations: designing institutions for citizen participation. Cup.
Sukma, R. (2009). Democracy Building in South East Asia: The ASEAN Security Community and Options for the European Union. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/chapters/the-role-of-the-european-union-in-democracy-building/eu-democracy-building-discussion-paper-53.pdf.
Than, M., & Gates, C. (2001). ASEAN Enlargement: Impacts & Implications. Institute Of Southeast Asian Studies.
Peou, S. (2014). The Limits and Potential of Liberal Democratisation in Southeast Asia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 33(3), 19–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341403300302.
Poon-Kim, S. (1977). A Decade of ASEAN, 1967-1977. Asian Survey, 17(8), 753–770. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643336.
Przeworski, A. (1986). Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy. In P. O’Donnell, C. Schmitter, & L. Whitehead (Eds.), transitions From Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives (Vol. 3). Johns Hopkins University Press.
Ruland, J. (2009). Deepening ASEAN cooperation through democratization? The Indonesian legislature and foreign policymaking. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 9(3), 373–402. https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcp010.
Rüland, J. (2012). The limits of democratizing interest representation: ASEAN’s regional corporatism and normative challenges. European Journal of International Relations, 20(1), 237–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112445289.
Rüland, J. (2021). Democratic backsliding, Regional Governance and Foreign Policymaking in Southeast Asia: ASEAN, Indonesia and the Philippines. Democratization, 28(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1803284.
Ryu, Y., & Ortuoste, M. (2014). Democratization, regional integration, and human rights: the case of the ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights. The Pacific Review, 27(3), 357–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2014.909521.
Sirijintana, W. (2021). Putting ASEAN to Test: The Roles and Challenges of Resolving the Myanmar Political Crisis After the 2021 Coup. Graduate Review of Political Science and Public Administration Journal, 1(2), 1–16. https://so07.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/GRPSPAJ/article/view/1091.
Stubbs, R. (2008). The ASEAN alternative? Ideas, institutions and the challenge to ‘global’ governance. The Pacific Review, 21(4), pp.451–468. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740802294713.
Ulbricht, T. (2018). Perceptions and Conceptions of Democracy: Applying Thick Concepts of Democracy to Reassess Desires for Democracy. Comparative Political Studies, 51(11), 1387–1440. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414018758751.
United Nations. (1945). Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice. https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf.
Verdun, A. (2013). Decision-Making before and after Lisbon: The Impact of Changes in Decision-Making Rules. West European Politics, 36(6), pp.1128–1142. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2013.826021.
Wunderlich, J.-U. (2012). Comparing regional organisations in global multilateral institutions: ASEAN, the EU and the UN. Asia Europe Journal, 10(2-3), pp.127–143. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-012-0324-4.
Yong, O. K. (2003) The Future of ASEAN. Singapore. March 22. [online] Available at: http://www.asean.org/resources/2012-02-10-08-47-56/speeches-statements-of-the-formersecretaries-general-of-asean/item/the-future-of-asean-2.