CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): THE LEGAL CONCEPTUAL STUDY AND THE REGULATING CHALLENGES IN GLOBAL DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY ERA
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Abstract
This research aims to understand the legal concept of AI criminal liability and the global challenges in disruptive AI era. The emergence of a machine with artificial intelligence (AI) has in fact caused a disruptive and harm effect, which is raise question about can AI be held liable in criminal law for its criminal act?
The research used doctrinal-comparative legal research, which desk study research and qualitative method. The research found the possible models of AI criminal liability, namely: the perpetration-by-another, the natural-probable-consequence, the direct liability model, and corporate. Yet, the government in all-round the world faced similar challenges in conceptualize AI criminal liability. They focus on finding the liability of the human actor behind AI. However, criminal liability is applied as ultimum remedium.
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