THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE MUHTASIB (ACCOUNTANT) IN THE ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM OF ISLAM
Main Article Content
Abstract
When Islamic caliphate broadened and the relations of the Muslims with other nations of occupied areas were established and a betterment came in the economic life of people, the trade touched the heights and established bazars, market and factories, religious values and beliefs of the people were weakened. The people began to treat one another harshly. People became causal in their matters of honest earning. People of all categories became engage in extravagant, misdeeds and evil doings.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
۔ Al-Jawhari, Al-Sihah, Madah (Hasaba) 1/109
۔ This is Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Habib Al Mawardi. His surname is Abu Hasan, he is a jurist of the Shafi'i religion. He is imam in jurisprudence and tafsir and have insight into Arabic vocabulary. He held the post of Qazi in different cities, and finally settled in Baghdad. Died in 450 AH. He lived to be 86 years old and has many Books, including Al-Hawi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, and Adab ul-Din Waldunya. (Al-Bidayah walnihayah 12/80)
۔ Abu Ya'ali, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 299
۔ Al-Shaykh Ali Al-Hafif, Al-Hasbah, p. 13
۔ At-Tawbah, 9:71
۔ Al-Mubarak, Al-Shaykh Muhammad Al-Mubarak, Ara Ibn-e-Taymiyyah’s Opinions on Al-Dawla, published by Dar ul Fikr, p. 73, 74.
۔ Al-Sanami, Umar bin Awad, Nisab ul-Ihtisab, Research, Moyal Yusuf Izz-ud-Din, published by Maktabah Dar ul-Uloom 1402 AH, 13/18
۔ Al-Ghazali, Ihya ul Uloom ul-Din 2/302
۔ Aal-e-Imran, 3:104
۔ Ibn Kathir, Tafsir ul-Qur'an ul-Kareem 1/390
۔ Aal-e-Imran, 3:110
۔ Al-Qurtubi, Al-Jami Li Ahkam ul-Qur’an 4/47
۔ Al- Hajj, 22:41
۔ Imam Ahmad, Al-Musnad/3/20
۔ Imam Ahmad, Al-Musnad 54/388, 389
۔ Ali Hussain al-Fahmi, Al-Hasba fil-Islam, p. 6
۔ Ibn ul-Akhwat: Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin al-Quraishi, Maalim ul-Qurbah fi Ahkam il-Hasba, published by Al-Yahiya Al-Masriyyah for the book, Al-Qahra, Egypt, 1976, p. 51
۔ Al-Ghazali, Al-Ahiya 2/308
۔ Ibn ul-Akhwat, Maalim ul-Qurbah, p. 52
۔ Al-Nisa, 4: 141
۔ Al-Ghazali, Al-Ahiya, 2/308
۔ Al-Ghazali, Al-Ahiya, 2/308
۔ Ibn ul-Akhwat, Maalim ul-Qurbah, p. 52
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 300
۔ Ibn ul-Akhwat, Maalim ul-Qurbah, p. 59
۔ Al-Imam Ahmad, Al-Musnad 2/164
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 300
۔ Al-Mujalidi, Abu ul-Abbas Ahmad bin Saeed, Al-Taisar fi Akhmam il Taseer, p. 42
۔ Ibn ul-Arabi, Ahkam ul-Qur'an 3/1458
۔ Ibn ul-Arabi, Aradat ul-Ahwazi 9/119
۔ Imam Ahmad, Al-Musnad 5/47, 50, 51
۔ Ibn-e-Bassam, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Nihayat ul-Rutbah fi Talb il-Hasba, Matabat ul-Maarif, Baghdad, 1388 AH. 1968, p.6
ابن بسام، محمد بن احمد، نھایۃ الرتبۃ في طلب الحسبۃ، مطبعۃ المعارف، بغداد، ۱۳۸۸ھ۔ ۱۹۶۸، ص۶
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 300
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 300
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 285
۔ Al-Ghazali, Ihya Ulum ul-Din, 2/30
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 9
۔ Aal-e-Imran, 3:159
۔ Al-Bukhari, Al-Jama’i al-Sahih, 8/18
۔ Al-Sami, Nisab ul-ihtisab/197
۔ Luqman, 31:17
۔ Al-Isra, 17:15
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 9
۔ Hood, 11:88
۔ Ahmad bin Hanbal, Al-Musnad, Chapter Musnad Anas bin Malik, 19/244, Hadith 12211
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 7
۔ At-Tirmidhi, (Ibn ul-Arabi, Aradat ul-Ahwazi 9/215
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 8
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 314
۔ Al-Hujurat, 49:12
۔ Al-Ghazali, Al-Ahiya 2/320, 322
۔ Imam Ahmad, Al-Musnad 1/379
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 303-305
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 110-113
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 309.
۔ Ibn ul-Qayyim, al-Torq ul-Hikamah, p. 240
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 305.
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 307.
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 318.
۔ Abu Ya'la, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 303
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 319.
۔ Ibn-e-Khuldun, Al-Muqadmah, p. 225
۔ Ibn-e-Khuldun, Al-Muqadmah, p. 225.
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 319.
۔ Al-Qalaqashandi, Subh ul-Aasha 12/416
۔ Al-Qalaqshandi, Ahmad Ibn Ali (or Ibn Abdullah) Al-Qalaqshandi al-Shafi’i, Subh ul-Aasha fi Sana’at il-Insha, Al-Masriyyah Al-Ama for Compilation and Translation, Al-Qahra, Egypt, 11/214
القلقشندي، احمد بن علی (او ابن عبداللہ) القلقشندي الشافعي، ب ۸۶۰ھ، صبح الاعشی في صناعۃ الانشاء، المؤسسۃ المصریۃ العامۃ للتالیف والترجمۃ، القاھرۃ، مصر ، نسخۃ مصورۃ عن الطبعۃ الامیریۃ، ۱۱/۲۱۴
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 11.12
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 316.
۔ Ibn-e-Taymiyyah, Al-Hasbah, p. 11-13
۔ Al-Hassan, Abdul Razzaq, Al-Hasbah, Maktabat ul-Tafeez, Baghdad, 1365 AH, p. 116, 117
۔ Muslim Ibn Hajjaj, Sahih Muslim, Chapter Tehreem Talaqqi ul-Jalab, 3/1157, Hadith 1519
۔ Ibn-e-Taymiyyah, Al-Hasbah, p. 15.
۔ Al-Kanani Yahya bin Umar, Al-Ahkam ul-Sooq, Al-Shirkat ul-Tunsiah, Tunis, 1975, p. 104
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 64.
۔ Al-Hassan, Al-Hasbah, p. 119
۔ Al-Bukhari, Al-Jaami al-Saheeh, Kitab ul-Zabaih wal-Sayed. 6/266
۔ Al-Sharzi, Nahayat ul-Rutbah, p. 27.28
۔ Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam ul-Sultaniyyah, p. 320.
۔ Al-Qalaqashandi, Subh ul-Aasha 2/63,216