LONELINESS FOLLOWING CORONARY HEART DISEASES AMONG ADOLESCENCES

Main Article Content

NIGHAT GUL, SHAGHUFTA PARVEEN, SAJID MEHMOOD ALVI, ASAF NIWAZ, IFFAT GULAB, ASMA BATOOL

Abstract

Objective: To measure the effect of loneliness on coronary artery heart disease among adolescences with regions and gender differences in cross sectional survey study.


Methodology: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in district Haripur Pakistan and 200 participants’ were selected purposefully.  In door patients accessed to public and private hospitals of Haripur. The study was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015. University of California loss angles loneliness Urdu version 3 UCLA scale was used in present study.1


Results: Mean age of target population was 15.66 ± 2.873, CAD patient’s loneliness score was 21.06 ± 6.834 higher than counterpart’s patients. Mean scores of loneliness for male & female CAD adolescences were 27.89 ± 11.12 & 35.00 ± 14.0 respectively. Urban area residing adolescences CAD patients and non CAD patients’ scores were 44.39 ± 8.892 & 34.25 ± 14.19 correspondingly at (p<.001). Rural area residing adolescences CAD patients and non CAD patients’ scores were 30.25 ± 14.19 & 30.94 ± 7.759 respectively at (p<.001).


Conclusion: CAD adolescences level of loneliness was higher and non CAD adolescences loneliness was lower.  While CAD and non CAD patient’s in difference in loneliness among adolescences in terms of gender and region.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biography

NIGHAT GUL, SHAGHUFTA PARVEEN, SAJID MEHMOOD ALVI, ASAF NIWAZ, IFFAT GULAB, ASMA BATOOL

1NIGHAT GUL, 2DR SHAGHUFTA PARVEEN, 3DR SAJID MEHMOOD ALVI, 4DR ASAF NIWAZ, 5IFFAT GULAB, DR ASMA BATOOL

1lecturer Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, Khaber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, The Hazara university Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

3Asistant Professor Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

4Associate Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Postgraduate College for Women Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

MBBS Doctor, Fatima Jinnah University Lahore, Pakistan

References

Gul N. Translation and Adaptation the Loneliness Scale University of California. Sci.int.(Lahore) 2015; 27(1): 731-732 .

Rook, Donaldson & Watson, Integrated review of personality. Soc Psy 2010; 5: 239-264.

Barretta D, Dantzler D, & Kayson W. Factors related to loneliness. Psychological Report. 1995; 76, 827-830.

Xia N, Li H. Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Cardiovascular Health. Antioxid Redox signal 2018; 28(9): 837-851.

Nekouei KZ, Neshatdoost H, Yousefy A. Sadeqhi M & Manshaee G. Psychological factors and coronary heart disease. ARYA Atheroscler 2013; 9(1): 102–111.

Borys S, & Perlman D. (1985). Gender differences in loneliness. Per Soc Psy Bull 1985; 11: 63–74.

Ahmed A, Chaudhry AG, Afzal MI, Farooq H. Loneliness and diseases prevalence; a gerontological perspective of elder’s disease status. Professional Med J 2015 ;22(3):343-348.

Goosby BJ. Adolescent loneliness and health in early adulthood 2013; 83(4).

Peplau L & Perlman D. Perspectives on loneliness. In: Peplau L, Perlman D, (Eds). Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy. New York: Wiley 1982; 1: e 12-13.

Murphy PM, Kupshik GA. Loneliness, stress and well-being; a helper’s. guide . loneliness health. London; New York: Routledge.1992; 1: e19-18.

Rokach A. From loneliness to belonging. A review. Psychology J 2011; 8, 70–81.

Lunstad JH, Timothy B & smith. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for CVD: implications for evidence-based patient care and scientific inquiry. heart 2016; 102(1).

Young JE. Loneliness, Depression and Cognitive Therapy: Theory and Application. In L. A. Peplau, & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy. New York: Wiley 1982; 1: e1-18.

Alpass FM, & Neville S. Loneliness and depression in older males. J Agi Mental Health 2003; 7: 212-216.Doi:

Dykstra PA, van Tilburg T, & De Jong Gierveld J. Changes in older adult Loneliness: Results from a seven-year longitudinal study. Research on Aging 2005; 27: 725-747.

Louise C, Hawkley CL, Burleson, HM, Besrntson GG, & Cacioppo TJ. Loneliness in everyday life: Cardiovascular activity, Psychosocial context and health behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003; 85(1): 105–120.

Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Tuomilehto i, et al. Catch-up growth in childhood aitd death from coronary heami disease: longitudinal study. Br. Med. J 1999; 3 18:427-31.

Milligan RA, Thompson C, Vandongen R, et al. Clustci’ing of’ cardiovascular risk factors in Australian adolescents: association with dietary excesses and deficiencies. J.Cardiovasc.Risk 1995; 2 515-23.

Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ôunpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases Part II: Variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation 2001; 104:2855-64.

Sorensen EA & Wang F. Social support, depression, functional status, and gender differences in older adults undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Heart Lung 2009;38(4):306–17

Ahmad N, Bhopal R. Is coronary heart disease risingin India? A systematic review based on ECG defined coronary heart disease. Heart 2005; 91:719-25.

Musaiger AO. Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease in the Arab Middle East countries. Medical Principles and Practice 2002; 11:9-16.

Bunker SJ, Colquhoun DM, Esler MD, Hickie IB, Hunt D & Jelinek VM. et al. "Stress" and coronary heart disease: psychosocial risk factors. Med J Aust 2003;178(6):272–6.

.Hameed K, Kadir M, Gibson 1, et at, The frequency of known diabetes, hypertension and ischacrnic heart disease in affluent and poor urban populations of Karachi, Pakistan. Diabetes Med 1995; 12:500-03.

Yang ZJ, Liu J, Ge JP, Chen L, Zhao ZG, Yang WY. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factor in the Chinese population: the 2007–2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. Eu Heart J 2012; 33:213-20.

Huxley R, Barzi F, Woodward M. Excess Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease associated with diabetes in Men and Women: Meta Analysis of 37 Prospective Cohort Studies. Br Med J 2006; 332:73-8.

Valtorta NK, Kanaan, Gilbody S, Ronzi S & Hanratty B. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart 2016;102(13):1009-16.

Kearns A, Whitley E, Tannahill C & Ellaway A. lonesome town? Is loneliness associated with the residential environment, including housing and neighborhood factors? 2015. DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21711

GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;385(9963):117-71.

McDonald M, Brown A, Noonan S, Carapetis JR. Preventing recurrent rheumatic fever: the role of register based programmes. Heart 2005; 91(9):1131-3.

Naseem S, Khattak UK, Ghazanfar H, Irfan, A. Prevalence of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors at a semi-urban community, Pakistan. The Pan African Medi J 2016; 23:151.

World Health Organization. Non-communicable diseases country profiles 2014. Pakistan. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed February 1st, 2015 .

Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet. 2006; 367(9524): 1747-57.

WHO. World Health Report 1999, making a difference. Geneva, World Health Organization. Accessed April 5, 1999.