IMPLEMENTATION OF CURRICULUM REFORMS IN PAKISTAN (2008-2018): AN ASSESSMENT OF PML-N’S PROMISES IN MANIFESTOES

Abstract

This study investigates the execution of curriculum reforms in Pakistan between 2008 and 2018 emphasizing on commitments outlined in the manifestoes of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz. It elucidates the degree to which these commitments were realized and the influence exerted by PML-N’s Governments on the education. The article presents the prospective curriculum reforms in Punjab during two consecutive governments of PML-N (2008-18) and at Federal level in Pakistan (2013-18). This study employs a mixed methodology including qualitative, quantitative and analytical methods. It undertakes a comprehensive examination of the manifestoes of PML-N, policy documents, and official. The study elucidated the achievements in the process of implementing reforms, including uniform educational materials and initiatives fostering competencies of educators and pupils. In spite of hindrances such as financial limitations, insufficient teacher training, and opposition from diverse stakeholders, the Government performed well in Punjab where party was also in power at provincial level.