POLITICAL CHALLENGES AND IMPERATIVES IN ACHIEVING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR THIS DILEMMA AND REQUIREMENTS, PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Mar 31, 2023
Keywords:
Energy dilemma gridlock political investment

Main Article Content

MUHAMMAD MUNIB KHALID, IRAM NASEER AHMAD, ROBINA SAEED, BIBI SAIRA, ANIZA BATOOL

Abstract

Energy is the backbone of the social and financial result of any state. Pakistan has been enduring the lowest energy deficiency that has become a difficulty for the success of the state because of the usage of customary fuels instead of substitute fuels. The study explores the alternative potential machinery existing situation and outlook plan contextualizing Pakistan. The study focuses the clean energy sources, like hydroelectricity, geothermal, wind, biomass and solar, can relieve the energy issues of Pakistan. Besides, the data for this research has been got from the Ministry of Energy, National power policy Reports, Dam projects Reports, Government of Pakistan and United States Agency for International Development(USAID) Energy Funds Documents. This study also provides a thorough interpretation of energy needs in Pakistan, which might be beneficial for resolving the electricity quandary in Pakistan. In the end, the study proposes that green investments need to be put into practice and strengthened through guided civil expenditure, policy changes, and adjustments in tariff and regulation.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Author Biography

MUHAMMAD MUNIB KHALID, IRAM NASEER AHMAD, ROBINA SAEED, BIBI SAIRA, ANIZA BATOOL

1DR. MUHAMMAD MUNIB KHALID, 2DR. IRAM NASEER AHMAD, 3DR. ROBINA SAEED, 4DR. BIBI SAIRA,5ANIZA BATOOL

1Assistant Professor, School of Political Science, Minhaj University Lahore
2Assistant Professor, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, FC College University Lahore
3Associate Professor, School of Mass Communication, Minhaj University Lahore
4Assistant Professor, School of Political Science, Minhaj University Lahore
5Lecturer, School of Criminology & Criminal Justice System, Minhaj University Lahore

References

Abbas, T., Bazmi, A. A., Bhutto, A. W., & Zahedi, G. (2014). Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan-geothermal energy prospective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 258–269.

Ahmad, I., & Rashid, A. (2010). Study of geothermal energy resources of Pakistan for electric power generation. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 32(9), 826–838.

Ahmad, U. S., Usman, M., Hussain, S., Jahanger, A., & Abrar, M. (2022). Determinants of renewable energy sources in Pakistan: An overview. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(19), 29183–29201.

Akhtar, S., Hashmi, M. K., Ahmad, I., & Raza, R. (2018). Advances and significance of solar reflectors in solar energy technology in Pakistan. Energy & Environment, 29(4), 435–455.

Ali, S., Yan, Q., Sajjad Hussain, M., Irfan, M., Ahmad, M., Razzaq, A., … Işık, C. (2021). Evaluating green technology strategies for the sustainable development of solar power projects: evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability, 13(23), 12997.

Asif, M. (2009). Sustainable energy options for Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(4), 903–909.

Asif, M. (2012). Energy crisis in Pakistan: origins, challenges, and sustainable solutions. OUP Catalogue.

Awan, A. B., & Khan, Z. A. (2014). Recent progress in renewable energy–Remedy of energy crisis in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 33, 236–253.

Baloch, M. H., Kaloi, G. S., & Memon, Z. A. (2016). Current scenario of the wind energy in Pakistan challenges and future perspectives: A case study. Energy Reports, 2, 201–210.

Bartlett, A. A. (1978). Forgotten fundamentals of the energy crisis. American Journal of Physics, 46(9), 876–888.

Bhutto, A. W., Bazmi, A. A., & Zahedi, G. (2011). Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan—Biomass energy prospective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(6), 3207–3219.

Bhutto, A. W., Bazmi, A. A., & Zahedi, G. (2012). Greener energy: issues and challenges for Pakistan-hydel power prospective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2732–2746.

Bint Faheem, J. (2016). Energy crisis in Pakistan. IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering, 3(1), 1–16.

Carter, J. (1977). The President’s proposed energy policy. Vital Speeches of the Day, 43(14), 418–420.

Chevalier, J.-M. (2009). The new energy crisis. Springer.

Coyle, E. D., & Simmons, R. A. (2014). Understanding the global energy crisis. Purdue University Press.

De Groot, M. (2020). The Soviet Union, CMEA, and the Energy Crisis of the 1970s. Journal of Cold War Studies, 22(4), 4–30.

Demirbaş, A. (2006). Global renewable energy resources. Energy Sources, 28(8), 779–792.

Drake, F. (2014). Global warming. Routledge.

Goldthau, A., & Tagliapietra, S. (2022). Energy crisis: five questions that must be answered in 2023. Nature, 612(7941), 627–630.

Gondal, I. A., Masood, S. A., & Amjad, M. (2017). Review of geothermal energy development efforts in Pakistan and way forward. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, 687–696.

Hali, S. M., Yong, S., & Kamran, S. M. (2017). Impact of energy sources and the electricity crisis on the economic growth: policy implications for Pakistan. Journal of Energy Tech. and Policy, 7(2).

Hassan, S. Z., & Kamal, T. (2016). Evaluating the issues and challenges in context of the energy crisis of Pakistan. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9, 36.

Herzog, A. V, Lipman, T. E., & Kammen, D. M. (2001). Renewable energy sources. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Forerunner Volume-‘Perspectives and Overview of Life Support Systems and Sustainable Development, 76.

Iqbal, J., & Khan, Z. H. (2017). The potential role of renewable energy sources in robot’s power system: A case study of Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 106–122.

Iqbal, T., Dong, C., Lu, Q., Ali, Z., Khan, I., Hussain, Z., & Abbas, A. (2018). Sketching Pakistan’s energy dynamics: Prospects of biomass energy. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 10(2), 23101.

Irfan, M., Zhao, Z.-Y., Ahmad, M., & Mukeshimana, M. C. (2019). Solar energy development in Pakistan: Barriers and policy recommendations. Sustainability, 11(4), 1206.

Jaffery, S. H. I., Khan, M., Ali, L., Khan, H. A., Mufti, R. A., Khan, A., … Jaffery, S. M. (2014). The potential of solar powered transportation and the case for solar powered railway in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 270–276.

Johansson, T. B., Patwardhan, A. P., Nakićenović, N., & Gomez-Echeverri, L. (2012). Global energy assessment: toward a sustainable future. Cambridge University Press.

Kamran, M. (2018). Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 609–617.

Kessides, I. N. (2013). Chaos in power: Pakistan’s electricity crisis. Energy Policy, 55, 271–285.

Khahro, S. F., Tabbassum, K., Soomro, A. M., Liao, X., Alvi, M. B., Dong, L., & Manzoor, M. F. (2014). Techno-economical evaluation of wind energy potential and analysis of power generation from wind at Gharo, Sindh Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35, 460–474.

Khalil, H. B., & Zaidi, S. J. H. (2014). Energy crisis and potential of solar energy in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 194–201.

Khan11, A. N., Begum, T., & Sher, M. (2012). Energy crisis in Pakistan: causes and consequences.

Malik, A. (2012). Power crisis in Pakistan: a crisis in governance? Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.

Malkani, M. S., & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Coal Resources of Pakistan: entry of new coalfields. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Information Release, 980, 1–28.

Manieniyan, V., Thambidurai, M., & Selvakumar, Rjp. (2009). Study on energy crisis and the future of fossil fuels. Proceedings of SHEE, 10, 2234–3689.

Masood, M. T., & Shah, F. (2012). Dilemma of third world countries-problems facing pakistan energy crisis a case-in-point. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(5), 231–246.

Mehmood, A., Yao, J., Fan, D. Y., Bongole, K., & Ansari, U. (2019). Utilization of abandoned oil and gas wells for geothermal energy production in Pakistan. In Advances in Petroleum Engineering and Petroleum Geochemistry: Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018 (pp. 181–183). Springer.

Milne, A. (2022). An economic narrative for better managing the European energy crisis. Available at SSRN.

Mirza, I. A., & Khalil, M. S. (2011). Renewable energy in Pakistan: opportunities and challenges. Science Vision, 16, 13–20.

Mirza, U. K., Ahmad, N., & Majeed, T. (2008). An overview of biomass energy utilization in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(7), 1988–1996.

Mirza, U. K., Ahmad, N., Majeed, T., & Harijan, K. (2007). Wind energy development in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11(9), 2179–2190.

Mirza, U. K., Ahmad, N., Majeed, T., & Harijan, K. (2008). Hydropower use in Pakistan: past, present and future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(6), 1641–1651.

Mirza, U. K., Maroto-Valer, M. M., & Ahmad, N. (2003). Status and outlook of solar energy use in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 7(6), 501–514.

Nakicenovic, N., Nakićenović, N., Grübler, A., McDonald, A., & McDonald, A. T. (1998). Global energy perspectives. Cambridge University Press.

Nef, J. U. (1977). An early energy crisis and its consequences. Scientific American, 237(5), 140–151.

Newton, D. E. (2013). World energy crisis: a reference handbook. Abc-clio.

Qadir, Z., Abujubbeh, M., Mariam, A., Fahrioglu, M., & Batunlu, C. (2019). Hydropower capacity of different power sectors in Pakistan. In 2019 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM) (pp. 408–412). IEEE.

Qureshi, F. U., & Akintug, B. (2014). Hydropower potential in Pakistan. 11th Int Congr Adv Civ Eng, 10(2.1), 2160–3285.

Rauf, O., Wang, S., Yuan, P., & Tan, J. (2015). An overview of energy status and development in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 892–931.

Raza, M. A., Khatri, K. L., Haque, M. I. U., Shahid, M., Rafique, K., & Waseer, T. A. (2022). Holistic and scientific approach to the development of sustainable energy policy framework for energy security in Pakistan. Energy Reports, 8, 4282–4302.

Rehman, A., & Deyuan, Z. (2018). Pakistan’s energy scenario: a forecast of commercial energy consumption and supply from different sources through 2030. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 8, 1–5.

Saeed, M. A., Irshad, A., Sattar, H., Andrews, G. E., Phylaktou, H. N., & Gibbs, B. M. (2015). Agricultural waste biomass energy potential in Pakistan. In Proceedings of the International Conference held in Shanghai, PR China. Leeds.

Saghir, M., Zafar, S., Tahir, A., Ouadi, M., Siddique, B., & Hornung, A. (2019). Unlocking the potential of biomass energy in Pakistan. Frontiers in Energy Research, 7, 24.

Shah, S. A. A., & Solangi, Y. A. (2019). A sustainable solution for electricity crisis in Pakistan: opportunities, barriers, and policy implications for 100% renewable energy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 29687–29703.

Shahbaz, M. (2015). Measuring economic cost of electricity shortage: current challenges and future prospects in Pakistan.

Shaikh, F., Ji, Q., & Fan, Y. (2015). The diagnosis of an electricity crisis and alternative energy development in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 1172–1185.

Skea, J., Ekins, P., & Winskel, M. (2011). Energy 2050: making the transition to a secure low carbon energy system. Routledge.

Sohail, M. T., Majeed, M. T., Shaikh, P. A., & Andlib, Z. (2022). Environmental costs of political instability in Pakistan: policy options for clean energy consumption and environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1–10.

Soomro, M. I., Mengal, A., Memon, Y. A., Khan, M. W. A., Shafiq, Q. N., & Mirjat, N. H. (2019). Performance and economic analysis of concentrated solar power generation for Pakistan. Processes, 7(9), 575.

Uddin, W., Zeb, K., Haider, A., Khan, B., ul Islam, S., Ishfaq, M., … Kim, H. J. (2019). Current and future prospects of small hydro power in Pakistan: A survey. Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 166–177.

Ur Rehman, S. A., Cai, Y., Fazal, R., Walasai, G. Das, & Mirjat, N. H. (2017). An Integrated Modeling Approach for Forecasting Long-Term Energy Demand in Pakistan. Energies (19961073), 10(11).

Valasai, G. Das, Uqaili, M. A., Memon, H. R., Samoo, S. R., Mirjat, N. H., & Harijan, K. (2017). Overcoming electricity crisis in Pakistan: A review of sustainable electricity options. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 734–745.

Vaughan, A. (2022). The first global energy crisis. Elsevier.

Wicks, M. (2009). Energy Security: A national challenge in a changing world.

Zaigham, N. A., & Nayyar, Z. A. (2010). Renewable hot dry rock geothermal energy source and its potential in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(3), 1124–1129.

Zaigham, N. A., Nayyar, Z. A., & Hisamuddin, N. (2009). Review of geothermal energy resources in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(1), 223–232.

Zubair, Q., & Aman, M. A. (2010). Role of media and energy crises of Pakistan.