MEDIATING ROLE OF EMOTIONAL DYSREGULATION IN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND SELF-HARM AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH DRUG DEPENDENCE
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the impacts of Childhood Trauma and Emotional Dysregulation on Self-Harm behaviors among individuals with drug dependence.The study used a correlational research design to determine how closely the study variables are connected; sample was 100 participants from the clinical setting. CTQ-SF (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form) with 28 items (Bernstein et al., 2003), Difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Gratz& Roemer, 2004), Inventory of Statement about Self-Injury (ISAS) were instruments for present study. Childhood Trauma positively associated with Emotional Dysregulation and self-harm i.e., .44* and .25*. Mediation analysis shows that emotional Dysregulation significantly mediates childhood experiences and self-harm i.e., p= .001***.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Alisic, E., van der Schoot, T. A., van Ginkel, J. R., &Kleber, R. J. (2008). Looking beyond posttraumatic stress disorder in children: Posttraumatic stress reactions, posttraumatic growth, and quality of life in a general population sample. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 69(9), 10827.https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/trauma/child/looking-beyondposttraumatic-stress-disorder-children/
Akyuz, G., Sar, V., Kugu, N., &Doğan, O. (2005). Reported childhood trauma, attempted suicide and self-mutilative behavior among women in the general population. European Psychiatry, 20(3), 268-273. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.01.002
Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., &Zule, W. (2003).Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child abuse & neglect, 27(2), 169–190.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00541-0
Banducci, A. N., Hoffman, E. M., Lejuez, C. W., &Koenen, K. C. (2014). The impact of childhood abuse on inpatient substance users: Specific links with risky sex, aggression, and emotion dysregulation. Child abuse & neglect, 38(5), 928-938.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.12.007
Briere, J., & Gil, E. (1998). Self‐mutilation in clinical and general population samples: Prevalence, correlates, and functions. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(4), 609-620. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080369
Berfield, J. B., Goncharenko, S., Forkus, S. R., Contractor, A. A., & Weiss, N. H. (2021). The differential relation of trauma types with negative and positive emotion dysregulation. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 35(4), 425-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2021.1964072
Bardeen, J. R., Kumpula, M. J., &Orcutt, H. K. (2013). Emotion regulation difficulties as a prospective predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a mass shooting. Journal of anxiety disorders, 27(2), 188-196.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.01.003
Banducci, A. N., Hoffman, E. M., Lejuez, C. W., &Koenen, K. C. (2014). The impact of childhood abuse on inpatient substance users: Specific links with risky sex, aggression, and emotion dysregulation. Child abuse & neglect, 38(5), 928-938.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.12.007
Cloitre, M., Miranda, R., Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Han, H. (2005). Beyond PTSD: Emotion regulation and interpersonal problems as predictors of functional impairment in survivors of childhood abuse. Behavior therapy, 36(2), 119-124.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80060-7
Copeland, W. E., Keeler, G., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2007).Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood.Archives of general psychiatry, 64(5), 577-584.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/482289
Cooper, J., Kapur, N., Webb, R., Lawlor, M., Guthrie, E., Mackway-Jones, K., & Appleby, L. (2005). Suicide after deliberate self-harm: a 4-year cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 297-303.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.297
Elklit, A. (2002). Victimization and PTSD in a Danish national youth probability sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 174- 181.https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200202000-00011
Eskander, N., Chakrapani, S., &Ghani, M. R. (2020).The risk of substance use among adolescents and adults with eating disorders.Cureus, 12(9). doi:10.7759/cureus.10309
Favazza, A. R. (1992). Repetitive self-mutilation.Psychiatric Annals, 22(2), 60-63. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19920201-06
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 26(1), 41-54.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94
Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., & Best, C. L. (2003). Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 71(4), 692-700.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.692
Klonsky, E. D., & Moyer, A. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury: meta analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(3), 166-170. http://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.030650.
Kim, M. K., Kim, J. S., Park, H. I., Choi, S. W., Oh, W. J., &Seok, J. H. (2018).Early life stress, resilience and emotional dysregulation in major depressive disorder with comorbid borderline personality disorder.Journal of Affective Disorders, 236, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.119
Klonsky, E. D., & Moyer, A. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury: meta analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(3), 166-170. http://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.030650.
Madge, N., Hewitt, A., Hawton, K., Wilde, E. J. D., Corcoran, P., Fekete, S., ...&Ystgaard, M. (2008). Deliberate self‐harm within an international community sample of young people: comparative findings from the Child & Adolescent Self‐harm in Europe (CASE) Study. Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(6), 667-677.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01879.x Lancet (2005)
Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., Ross, J., & Peters, L. (2006). Trauma, PTSD, and substance use disorders: findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well- Being.American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 652-658. https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.652
Marwaha, S., He, Z., Broome, M., Singh, S. P., Scott, J., Eyden, J., &Wolke, D. (2014). How is affective instability defined and measured? A systematic review.Psychological medicine, 44(9), 1793-1808. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychologicalmedicine/
Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Gutierrez, P. M. (2007).Risk for suicide attempts among adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury.Archives of suicide research, 11(1), 69-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110600992902
Niazi MRUK, Zaman K, Ikram W. Is Poverty to be blamed for narcotic abuse? Int J Basic Appl Sci. 2009;9:96-101
Peh, C. X., Shahwan, S., Fauziana, R., Mahesh, M. V., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y., ...&Subramaniam, M. (2017). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking child maltreatment exposure and self-harm behaviors in adolescents.Child abuse & neglect, 67, 383-390.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.013
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., & Hine, D. W. (2011). The association of ability and trait emotional intelligence with alcohol problems. Addiction Research and Theory, 19(3), 260-265. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2010.512108
Skegg, K. (2005). Self-harm. The Lancet, 366(9495), 1471-1483.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67600-3
Sheppes, G., Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015).Emotion regulation and psychopathology.Annual review of clinical psychology, 11, 379 405.https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739
Tantam, D., & Whittaker, J. (1992).Personality disorder and self-wounding. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 161(4), 451-464.http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.4.451
Van der Kolk, B. A., Perry, J. C., & Herman, J. L. (1991).Childhood origins of self-destructive behavior.American journal of Psychiatry, 148(12), 1665-1671. http://eqi.org/p1/abuse/vanderkolk_childhood_origins_of_self_destructive_behavior_199 1.pdf
Zysberg, L., &Rubanov, A. (2010). Emotional intelligence and emotional eating patterns: a new insight into the antecedents of eating disorders. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 42(5), 345-348.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2009.08.009