THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO: A COMPARATIV SENSE

Main Article Content

FEJZI BEQIRI, MAJA BADŽAK

Abstract

Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo, as two countries that lived through the events of war and suffered a large number of different victims and material losses during the war period, took almost identical paths in the direction of nation building.


Although these two countries have made significant progress in some segments, due to their historical past, also had the opposite side of the coin: stagnation, underdevelopment, corruption, lack of rule of law, high level of unemployment, poverty, various forms of organized crime, etc. One of the forms of organized crime is human trafficking, which occurs in these two countries with some special characteristics due to various factors that have influenced it.


For this negative social phenomenon, especially in the form of sexual exploitation of women and children, interest is expressed in every country, but these two countries differ from other Southeast Europe countries due to the large number of victims of human trafficking that is, because of sexual exploitation especially women and children after the end of the war events, which means that the expansion time of this phenomenon, the age of the victims, scope and manner represent  special characteristics for Bosnia and Herzegovina i Republic of Kosovo.


Methods: The article uses system-structural, formal-logical, comparative-legal, statistical and dialectical research methods. Based on the methods, we realized the purpose of this paper which is to research, analysis  and introduce in comperativ sense, forms and causes of human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo.


Results and Conclusions: The analysis was realized within two main thematic areas: Sexual exploitation especially women and children and causes of human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo after the end of the war events.


The relevant state institutions in BiH and Republic of Kosovo should be systematically engaged with the aim:



  1. To eliminate or reduce the causes of human trafficking and,

  2.  Rehabilitation and compensation of victims of human trafficking.

Article Details

Section
Criminal Law

References

a) Books, articles, studies and comments:

Beqiri, F., Trgovina ljudskim organima kao oblik organiziranog kriminaliteta, Doktorski rad, Sveučilište u Mostaru, Mostar, 2021,

Derenčinović, D., Nisu na prodaju-O pravima žrtava trgovanja ljudima nakon presude Europskog suda za ljudska prava u predmetu Rantsev protiv Cipra i Rusije, Godišnjak Akademije pravnih znanosti Hrvatske, vol. 1, br. 1, 2010,

Dottridge, M., Lola, Ninković, O., Sax, H., Vujović, S., Fenomen trgovine djecom u BiH, Vijeće Europe, 2021,

Halili, R., Viktimologjia, Pristina, 2011,

Kovačević, K., & Petrović, J., Siromaštvo i migracije (Bosanskohercegovačka perspektiva), Banja Luka, 2018,

Maloku, Ahmet., & Maloku, Elda., Protection of human trafficking victims and functionalization of institutional mechanisms in kosovo, 2020,

Milković, I., Trgovina ljudima kao najteži oblik kršenja ljudskih prava, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 57, 4/2020,

Mujanović, E., Datzer, D., Vučinić, H., Buha, M., Istraživanje sudske prakse procesuiranja trgovine ljudima u Bosni i Hercegovini (2003.-2021.), Centar za istraživanje politike suprotstavljanja kriminalitetu (CPRC), Sarajevo, 2022,

Musa, I., TRGOVINA LJUDIMA-ROPSTVO 21. STOLJEĆA, Hum: časopis Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Mostaru, 2017,

Ofak, L., Vajda, Munivrana, M., Preporuke za poboljšanje hrvatskog pravnog okvira i mjera za suzbijanje i prevenciju trgovanja ljudima, Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu, 2019,

Pajić, D., Zaštita osjetljivih svjedoka u krivičnom postupku, Anali Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici, 2010,

Petrović, B., & Meško, G., Kriminologija, Sarajevo, 2008,

Rizvo, S., Hunček, S., Muratbegović, E., Smjernice za postupanje regionalnih monitoring timova za borbu protiv trgovine ljudima,

Tomić, Z., Krivično pravo II, posebni dio, drugo izmjenjeno i dopunjeno izdanje, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Sarajevo 2007,

b) Legal regulations:

Global Estimates of Modern Slavery Forced Labour and Forced Marriage, 2022,

Report on BiH for 2021, European Commission, Strasbourg, 19 October 2021,

Report on the situation in the field of human trafficking and the implementation of the strategy to combat human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina for 2020. State coordinator for the fight against human trafficking, 2021,

Report on the situation in the field of human trafficking for 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020,

Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Službeni glasnik BiH broj: 3/2003, 32/2003 - ispr., 37/2003, 54/2004, 61/2004, 30/2005, 53/2006, 55/2006, 8/2010, 47/2014, 22/2015, 40/2015 i 35/2018),

Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Službene novine FBiH broj: 36/2003, 21/2004 - ispr., 69/2004, 18/2005, 42/2010, 42/2011, 59/2014, 76/2014, 46/2016 i 75/2017),

Criminal Code of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Službeni glasnik BD BiH broj: 19/2020 - prečišćen tekst),

Criminal Code of the Republic of Srpska (Službeni glasnik RS broj: 64/2017, 104/2018 - odluka US, 15/2021 i 89/2021),

Criminal Code of the Republic of Kosovo (Gazeta Zyrtare e Republikës së Kosovës numër: 2/14),

Council Decision 2001/87/EC: of December 8, 2000,

Report of 2018 on human trafficking in Kosovo,

Report of 2019 on human trafficking in Kosovo,

Report of 2020 on human trafficking in Kosovo,

Report of 2022 on human trafficking in Kosovo,

Strategy against human trafficking in BiH (2020.-2023.),

World Bank Europe and Central Asia Region Global Practice of Poverty and Equality & Kosovo Statistics Agency Department of Social Statistics Living Standards Sector (2019),

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Exploitation and abuse; the scale and scope of human trafficking in south eastern Europe, str. 6, May 2022,

Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Aneks IV Općeg okvirnog sporazuma za mir u BiH i Službeni glasnik BiH br. 25/2009 - Amandman I),

Criminal Procedure Law of Kosovo (Gazeta Zyrtare e Republikës së Kosovës / nr. 37 / 28 dhjetor 2012, Prishtinë),

Criminal Procedure Law of Brčko District Bosnia and Herzegovina (Službeni glasnik Brčko distrikta BiH broj: 34/2013 - prečišćen tekst, 27/2014, 3/2019 i 16/2020),

Criminal Procedure Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Službeni glasnik BiH" broj: 3/2003, 32/2003 - ispr, 36/2003, 26/2004, 63/2004, 13/2005, 48/2005, 46/2006, 29/2007, 53/2007, 58/2008, 12/2009, 16/2009, 53/2009 - dr. zakon, 93/2009, 72/2013 i 65/2018),

Criminal Procedure Law of FBiH (Službene novine Federacije BiH broj: 35/2003, 56/2003 - ispravka, 78/2004, 28/2005, 55/2006, 27/2007, 53/2007, 9/2009, 12/2010, 8/2013, 59/2014 i 74/2020),

Criminal Procedure Law of RS (Službeni glasnik RS broj: 53/2012, 91/2017, 66/2018 i 15/2021),

Law on prevention and fight against human trafficking and protection of victims of human trafficking (Gazeta Zyrtare e Republikës së Kosovës numër: 34/13).

c) Internet sources:

https://www.nato.int/sfor/docu/d981116a.htm

https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/eur700102004sq.pdf

https://www.nato.int/sfor/docu/d981116a.htm

https://jfcnaples.nato.int/kfor/about-us/history

https://unmik.unmissions.org/mandate

http://www.atina.org.rs/sr/%C5%A1ta-su-uzroci-zbog-kojih-neko-postaje-%C5%BErtva-trgovine-ljudima

http://ask.rks-gov.net/media/3186/stat-e-varferise-2012-2015.pdf